Dietary guidelines 膳食指南 form the basis for nutrition 营养 advice and regulations 法规 around the world. While there is strong scientific consensus 科学共识 around most existing guidelines, [9] one question has recently stirred debate 引发争论: should consumers be warned to avoid ultra-processed foods 超加工食品? Two papers published today in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition outline the case 阐明理由 for and against using the concept of "ultra-processed foods" to help inform dietary guidelines, beyond conventional 传统的 food classification systems 分类系统.

The authors, Carlos Monteiro of the University of São Paulo and Arna Ostrup of Novo Nordisk Foundation, will discuss the issue in a live virtual debate 线上辩论, August 14th, during NUTRITION 2024 Live Online. [10] The debate centers around a system developed by Monteiro and colleagues that classifies 分类 foods by their degree of industrial processing 工业加工程度, ranging from unprocessed 未加工的 to ultra-processed.

The system defines ultra-processed foods as those made using sequences of processes 一系列加工过程 that extract 提取 substances from foods and alter 改变 them with chemicals 化学物质 in order to formulate 配制 the final product. Ultra-processed foods are characteristically 典型地 designed to be cheap, tasty, and convenient. Examples include soft drinks and candy, packaged snacks 包装零食 and pastries 糕点, ready-to-heat products, and reconstituted meat 重组肉 products.

[11] Studies have linked 研究表明…与…相关 consumption 摄入 of ultra-processed foods, which are often high in salt, sugar, and fat, with weight gain 体重增加 and an increased risk of chronic diseases 慢性病, even after adjusting for 校正/剔除 the amount of salt, sugar, and fat in the diet. While the mechanisms 机制 behind these associations 关联 are not fully understood, Monteiro argues that the existing evidence is sufficient 足够的 to justify 证明…合理 discouraging 不鼓励 consumption of ultra-processed foods in dietary recommendations and government policies.

Believe it or not, human creativity 创造力 benefits from constraints 限制. [12] According to psychologists 心理学家, when you have less to work with, you actually begin to see the world differently. With constraints, you dedicate 投入 your mental energy 精神能量 to acting more resourcefully 足智多谋地. When challenged 受到挑战, you figure out new ways to be better.

The most successful creative people know that constraints give their minds the impetus 动力 to leap higher. People who invent new products are not limited by what they don't have or can't do. They leverage 利用 their limitations to push themselves even further. Many products and services are created because the founders saw a limitation in what they use. They created innovation 创新 based on what was not working for them at the moment.

[13] Innovation is a creative person's response to limitation 限制. In a 2015 study which examined how thinking about scarcity 稀缺 or abundance 丰裕 influences how creatively people use their resources, [14] Ravi Mehta at the University of Illinois and Meng Zhu at Johns Hopkins University found that people simply have no incentive 动机/激励 to use what's available to them in novel 新颖的 ways. When people face scarcity, they give themselves the freedom to use resources in less conventional 传统的 ways because they have to. Obstacles 障碍 can broaden 拓宽 your perception 认知 and open up your thinking processes. Consistent 持续的 constraints help you improve connecting unrelated ideas and concepts.

Marissa Meyer, former vice president 副总裁 for search products and user experience at Google, once wrote in a publication 出版物 on Bloomberg, "Constraints shape and focus problems and provide clear challenges to overcome; [15] creativity thrives 蓬勃发展 best when constrained 受限制的."